Why do we have GCSEs, A-levels, and now T-levels? What functions do they serve? What are their benefits and limitations? How valid are they? How do they affect teaching, the curriculum and pupils? How are they set and marked? How might our current systems be improved or reformed? I will begin with a brief look at the history of these exams and then consider how they operate today, including their use for school accountability – the 'league tables'. I will consider their benefits, limitations, and the case for and against exams and other means of assessment. I will argue that the assessment system should assess a broader range of pupil attributes, motivate teachers and pupils, and better support the curriculum and teaching. But is this possible? If so, how best might it be achieved? Each class will consist of a presentation followed by an opportunity for questions and a discussion.