This course has now reached the Nineteenth century in the course of which the papacy is deprived of its secular authority and Rome becomes the capital of the kingdom of a united Italy. Our seven fully illustrated lectures will take in the short but hyperactive Napoleonic intervention, with the beginnings of systematic examination of the archaeology of the city; the early promise of modernisation under Pius IX before his exile; the surrender of the city in 1870 to the forces of King Vittore Emanuele II; the start of the building of Roma Capitale and a second phase of archaeological exploration; and we should get through to the end of the century or a little beyond. As before, we will take note of social and religious conditions and structures within the city and national and international politics without. Members new to the course are welcome.